Which cellular component is present in prokaryotes for protein synthesis?

Which cellular component is present in prokaryotes for protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosomes
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Chloroplasts

Answer: (B)

Ribosomes are the machinery that translates mRNA into proteins. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, so protein synthesis happens in the cytoplasm by ribosomes. These prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S in size, made of 50S and 30S subunits, and transcription and translation can occur simultaneously because there’s no nuclear boundary to separate them. The nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are features of eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotes, so they’re not involved in protein synthesis in these organisms. Therefore, the component used for protein synthesis in prokaryotes is ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the machinery that translates mRNA into proteins. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, so protein synthesis happens in the cytoplasm by ribosomes. These prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S in size, made of 50S and 30S subunits, and transcription and translation can occur simultaneously because there’s no nuclear boundary to separate them. The nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are features of eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotes, so they’re not involved in protein synthesis in these organisms. Therefore, the component used for protein synthesis in prokaryotes is ribosomes.